And is it ethical? In fact, approximately 35-40% of shark entanglements occur on the beach side of the nets in NSW, because sharks are able to swim over and around the nets (Dixon, 2005). Without local research on shark composition or movement of tagged sharks, there is usually insufficient information to make this assessment. It's just not as simple as that. — However, it is also true that better first-responder care, treatment for infections and the use of wetsuits are key factors in increased survival rates from shark bites. If Queensland has the right to cull sharks for the safety of their people, surely Western Australia deserves that right as well! Pro: When properly maintained barriers can be very effective at eliminated sharks from small areas.

Shark attack rates in Hawaii relative to the resident population before, during and after short-term shark control programs from 1959-1976. Photo: Brad Hunter / Newspix. cull (kul) tr.v. However, given their random nature, and the rarity of attacks, it is extremely challenging to study attack rates over time. They may be short-term, occurring over 1-2 years, or more long-term. As the top predators in these systems, they limit the abundance of their prey, which in turn has cascading effects in the food chain. —

CONS: Choice Magazine rated a range of personal shark repellent devices in January 2016 and said: "If fear of a shark attack is stopping you from entering the water, then forking out for a personal shark deterrent may provide some peace of mind. Teacher preparation: Overarching learning goal: Students understand that culling sharks is a highly contentious issue and recognise that there are powerful arguments for and against shark culling. And it hurts, even more, when it happens to a friend or relative.

Kock, A. et al., 2012. Ultimo, New South Wales, Copyright © 2010–2020, The Conversation Media Group Ltd, Athel D'Ombrain Collection, University of Newcastle. Sharks hold a economic and cultural significance to many communities. However, despite our best intentions, we do not have control over the ocean, and our feeble attempts to do so are largely a waste of time and resources and can cause significant damage to our marine ecosystems and the animals we care about. Sharks are in their natural environment swimming and finding food;2. Protesters fight shark culls in Western Australia (right). Land-based spotters can help identify developing risks of attack when the area has a high propensity for attacks. Powers and C. H. Peterson. In contrast, a series of short shark control programs implemented in Hawaii from 1959-1976 did not appear to have measurable effects on the rate of attacks (Wetherbee et al., 1994). Of all the approaches discussed here our best investment of time and money in education and research, although the shark spotter program has a lot of promise in some areas and use of drones may be another solution. Under this scenario, the public is recruited to hunt sharks by any means possible as a large uncoordinated, but hopefully successful “hunt” for the responsible shark. Shark culling occurs in both Queensland and NSW via shark nets and drumlines (baited hooks). But as is usually the case the devil is in the details.

Mick Fanning encountering a White shark during the WSL Championship Tour at Jeffrey’s Bay, South Africa, in July 2015.

Because sharks are a natural and key component of a healthy ecosystem, I have concerns about the effects of shark hunts and culls on dwindling shark populations and ocean ecosystems, already over-stressed by a wide variety of human impacts. For more than 30 years, there has been a trend toward greater balance between wildlife, marine life and national values.

Black wetsuits have been criticised by some for making swimmers and surfers look like seals.
Finally, proponents of shark nets would note that there have been dramatic reductions in fatal shark bites since the nets were put up in both NSW and Queensland.

The abundance of animals caught in NSW Australia’s net program from 1990-2008 (right). Depending on government policy, dangerous sharks can be euthanased or transported out to sea, while other non-target marine life can be released. Proponents of nets would note that there are numerous ways they try to reduce catching non-target species, such as putting “pingers” on nets to try and keep dolphins and whales away. According to Natalie Banks, more than 70% of creatures caught on drum lines were either not big enough to be considered a threat or were other animals, like stingrays. So what’s a surfer to do? PROS: Supporters argue fewer sharks equal fewer attacks.

As Victoria emerges from its second lockdown, see how your local area is recovering, 'Dicey molecules', large-scale freezing and transportation 'never seen before': Complications of COVID-19 vaccine race, Christina went into hospital for hip rehab and came out with coronavirus, Clem runs a luxury micro-island – he hopes the latest border opening is a step towards recovery, Australia's house price bubble could burst due to an oversupply of housing, experts warn, Victoria's quarantine inquiry to hand down interim report, paving way for return of international flights, Islamic State attacks in Europe hide another threat, much closer to home, Biden, Trump and US left waiting for results in close states. Pros cautious about shark culling . 'Fog of war situation' leaves WA farmers bracing for huge hit as China threatens to shun exports, Victoria records seventh straight day of no new coronavirus cases and no deaths, 'Stop the Steal' US election Facebook group taken down after adding 365k followers in a day, Head of aged care home tells family she's 'personally sorry' for resident's death. Curtis et al 2012. However, a shark culling program was implemented two years later but stopped in 2014 by objections from WA EPA (The Conversation, 2014). CONS: Can not be everywhere at once, possible visibility issues when water clarity is not ideal, financial cost of hiring aircraft and/or personnel to conduct surveillance, water-users may ignore warnings.

PROS: Swimmers and surfers can be warned if a shark is detected close to shore. Fisheries scientists work hard every day to protect shark species and reduce shark bites.

By limiting the population of other species sharks increase the species diversity of the ecosystem. Unfortunately, surfers are in the cross-hairs on this one with the intense media following the first globally televised shark encounter of Mick Fanning at the J-Bay Open.

Con: They are very expensive and not effective at most surf locations due to the effects of wave action and can cause beach erosion. Dudley, S.F.J., Haestier, R.C., Cox, K.R., Murray, M. 1996. Effective personal shark deterrents;3. But can't we simply find a way of coexisting peacefully?

This situation sets up a dilemma for surfers, one I discuss here. Hundreds of targeted sharks, many of them threatened species, are caught each year in each state. They look like breaking ocean waves in the sky, and they're not an optical illusion. It is wrong for us to go into another creatures habitat and act vengefully when we are attacked. Shark culling is an endless task; Are there any alternatives to shark culling? But be aware of their limitations — many devices haven't undergone independent testing, and no device will protect you in all circumstances". These barriers can be small mesh nets, steel bars, wood, concrete or rocks (Curtis et al., 2012). A range of commercial products that claim to deter sharks from humans are available. Pro: Easy to implement, flexible and low-cost. PROS: Statistics support the efficacy of drumlines in reducing shark attacks. Pros and cons of shark culling? There are also efforts to limit the mortality of species by checking the nets regularly and taking them down (in NSW) during whale migration months. Shark culling is a governmental policy to capture and kill sharks in coastal areas with the goal of reducing the number of predators in public beaches, and the attacks on swimmers and surfers. Can we make the ocean safer for surfers and other beachgoers without harmful impacts to the ocean? 2009. What is the physical and emotional impact the big ball of fire has on you? "There has been some hesitancy by people who were keen to put in tenders and some of them have pulled back," he said.

Sign-up to receive the twice-weekly email newsletter. Kelvin-Helmholtz: the clouds that look like breaking waves, "Crude Expectations" follows The Fight for The Bight, © 2020 SurferToday.com | All Rights Reserved. How do shark nets work?
— Shark culling is a violation of animal rights. Yes, we want, need, and deserve to surf. His doctoral research is funded in-part by the Sydney Aquarium Conservation Fund and the Save Our Seas Foundation. Results of a shark Hunt in Western Australia.

Zambezi (Bull) shark in the nets taken in Durban, Kwa-zulu Natal , South Africa in July 2007. Shark culling occurs in both Queensland and NSW via shark nets and drumlines (baited hooks). View Dr-Abalone-994525503945760’s profile on Facebook, View UCjkG7-kojPpvaWTVKBdCWQw’s profile on YouTube, http://www.wiseoceans.com/seasense/sharks-rays/shark-spotters/, http://www.marinecsi.org/tagging-updates/#sthash.JxdAW97t.dpuf, Global Perspectives on the Biology and Life History of the White Shark, Twelve Days of Terror: A Definitive Investigation of the 1916 New Jersey Shark Attacks, Jaws Wars: Western Australia’s war on sharks won’t make swimmers any safer, Western Australian shark cull policy dumped: experts react, ← Trinidad Tri-tip: California BBQ on the Pit Barrel Cooker, The Surfing Ecologist: A New Synergy for Surfers and Science | Dr Abalone, Are Animals Conscious and Does it Matter? Futile. The Western Australia Government’s decision to …

And stinger-suits are often mandatory on swims out on the Great Barrier Reef. 23 pp. The unsuccessful trial in Lennox Head resulted in debris from the half-built barriers polluting the area and the estimated cost of the unsuccessful trial was $2.6 million.

So here’s a brief review of the current methods used to respond to shark attacks, including hunts, culls, barriers, beach closures, spotters, and research and education. Shark Attacks and the Surfer’s Dilemma: Cull or Conserve?


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